Zero-knowledge, explained simply

Your data. Your keys. Nobody else.

Plain-English guides, honest reviews and privacy scorecards for encrypted cloud storage, password managers and private tools.

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Zero-Knowledge Cloud Storage Proton Drive, Tresorit, Sync.com, Internxt, Filen. 54 guides Encryption Basics E2EE, AES, keys and how zero-knowledge works. 0 guides Password Managers Bitwarden, 1Password, Proton Pass, KeePass. 0 guides Encrypted Backup Cryptomator, Duplicati, Restic, Kopia. 0 guides Private Email & Messaging Proton Mail, Signal, Tuta. 0 guides VPN & Network Privacy Tailscale, WireGuard, Proton VPN. 0 guides Self-Hosting Nextcloud, Vaultwarden, Syncthing, NAS. 0 guides Security Guides 2FA, passkeys and ransomware protection. 0 guides Reviews & Comparisons Honest reviews and side-by-side comparisons. 16 guides News & Privacy Alerts Breaches and policy changes that matter. 30 guides

What is zero-knowledge?

The provider stores your data but never gets your keys, so it cannot read what it holds. In three steps:

  1. 01

    Encrypt

    Your device scrambles the data with a key that only you hold.

    plaintext + your key → ciphertext
  2. 02

    Upload

    Only the scrambled data leaves your device. The key never does.

    ciphertext → server
  3. 03

    Only you can read it

    Not the provider, not a hacker who breaks in, not a court order to hand over readable files.

    ciphertext + your key → you

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